Indonesia’s Courts are divided up into four systems, namely:
- the General Courts (Peradilan Umum);
- the Religious Courts (Peradilan Agama);
- the Administrative Courts (Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara); and
- the Military Courts (Peradilan Militer).
The General Courts system is where most intellectual property cases are heard. This system is divided into:
- the District Court (Pengadilan Umum) handling civil cases and criminal cases - including criminal prosecutions for infringement of intellectual property rights, and trade secrets cases;
- the Commercial Court (Pengadilan Niaga) handling intellectual property, bankruptcy, and some insurance cases;
- Human Rights Court (Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia);
- Corruption Court (Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi);
- Industrial Relatiosn Court (Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial); and
- Fisheries Court (Pengadilan Perikanan).
Some intellectual property matters are also heard in the Administrative Courts system. For example, challenges to decisions from the IP Office for which there is no right to file a claim in the General Courts system.
(Authored by Hany Wulandari, Junior Associate)